A quad, also known as all-terrain vehicle (ATV), is a vehicle that travels on low-pressure tires, with a seat that is straddled by the operator, alongside handlebars for steering control. The name ‘quad’ is derived from “quadricycle,” as these machines are invariably four-wheeled. Quads are designed to handle a wider variety of terrain than most other vehicles, making them a popular choice for off-road adventuring.

Quads are categorized into two types: sport models and utility models. Sport quads are faster, lighter, and adept for jumping, racing, or tricks, whereas utility quads are larger and heavier, but are excellent for chores such as hauling small loads or navigating difficult terrains.

Typically, a quad comprises a combustion engine, which powers the rear wheels or, sometimes, all four wheels. Quads are single-passenger vehicles in most cases, but recent models can accommodate a passenger. Some also have cargo racks and other utility-based features.

The structure of a quad is simple. The frame is the backbone, comprising the chassis and the body. The powertrain is the source of power, including the engine, transmission, drive shafts, differentials, and the final drive. Wheels, tires, suspension, and braking systems constitute the running system, while steering and the seat form the control and comfort system.

When using quads, safety cannot be overemphasized. Quads are different from driving a car—balance plays an important part. Most quads do not have a differential, meaning a lot of physical input is required to handle the vehicle—turning and leaning are important. Helmets and protective clothing are a must.